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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktem | om toŋgə̑kto |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktet | ot toŋgə̑kto |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kta | ok/ogeš toŋgə̑kto |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktena | ona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑kto |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑kteda | oda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑kto |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktat | ogə̑t toŋgə̑kto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šə̑m | šə̑m toŋgə̑kto |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toŋgə̑kto |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑š | ə̑š toŋgə̑kto |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šna | ə̑šna toŋgə̑kto |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šda | ə̑šda toŋgə̑kto |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑št | ə̑št toŋgə̑kto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktenam | toŋgə̑kten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktenat | toŋgə̑kten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kten | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktenna | toŋgə̑kten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktenda | toŋgə̑kten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktenə̑t | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktem ə̑l'e | om toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktet ə̑l'e | ot toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑kteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktem ulmaš | om toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktet ulmaš | ot toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kta ulmaš | ok/ogeš toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑kteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktat ulmaš | ogə̑t toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktenam ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktenat ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kten ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktenna ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktenda ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑kten ə̑l'e | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktenam ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktenat ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑kten ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktenna ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktenda ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑kten ulmaš | toŋgə̑kten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑kto | it toŋgə̑kto |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑žo | ə̑nže toŋgə̑kto |
| 1PL: | (toŋgə̑ktena) | (ona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑kto) |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑za | ida toŋgə̑kto |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toŋgə̑kto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nem | ə̑nem toŋgə̑kto |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑net | ə̑net toŋgə̑kto |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neže | ə̑než toŋgə̑kto |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nena | ə̑nena toŋgə̑kto |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neda | ə̑neda toŋgə̑kto |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nešt | ə̑nešt toŋgə̑kto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toŋgə̑kto ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑ktə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toŋgə̑kto ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toŋgə̑ktaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toŋgə̑ktə̑man |
| Active participle: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | toŋgə̑ktə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | toŋgə̑ktə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toŋgə̑kten |
| Negative gerund: | toŋgə̑ktə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | toŋgə̑ktə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toŋgə̑ktə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toŋgə̑ktə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toŋgə̑ktə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | toŋgə̑ktə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||